State conflicts in the Middle East have complex roots and a long history, rooted in political, religious, ethnic and economic factors. One of the main sources of tension is the differences in Islamic sects, especially between Sunnis and Shiites. Countries such as Iraq and Syria have become battlegrounds for this dispute, with each sect seeking to dominate the region. In addition, imperialism and colonialism factors have worsened conditions. After World War I, the reordering of maps by Western powers, such as Britain and France, created artificial states that did not take existing ethnic identities and social relations into account. As a result, the countries that were formed often faced prolonged internal tensions. Economics also plays an important role in these conflicts, especially with regard to natural resources such as oil. Oil-rich countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq, are often caught in rivalries that affect regional stability. Economic injustice and unequal distribution of resources further increase tensions between different communities. The importance of foreign intervention in this conflict cannot be ignored. The presence of countries such as the US, Russia and Iran in the region worsens the situation, as they have different political and economic interests. Foreign military support for certain groups often prolongs conflicts and hinders peace efforts. In finding solutions, dialogue between groups is an important step. Creating platforms for communication and mediation between sects and ethnic groups can help ease tensions. Additionally, strengthening inclusive and representative governance institutions can provide a more stable path to long-term peace. Additionally, sustainable economic development, which includes better access to education and jobs, will create new opportunities and reduce poverty. By disseminating policies that emphasize equality and social justice, the government can reduce dissatisfaction among citizens. Strengthening regional cooperation through international organizations is also vital. Building alliances involving countries in the Middle East can help reduce tensions and encourage cooperation in various sectors, including security and the economy. For example, initiatives to share resources and technology can help create a sense of positive interdependence. The final principle that can be noted is the importance of peace education. Integrating education that emphasizes tolerance and intercultural understanding into school curricula can help young people avoid the mistakes of the past. By building awareness about diversity, it is hoped that future generations can minimize the potential for conflict. The conflict in the Middle East is a complex challenge, but through a holistic and collaborative approach, there is hope for creating a more lasting peace. Local and international collaboration, based on the principles of justice and equality, is key to addressing the root causes and finding effective solutions.
